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On June 26, 2025, Bill C-5, the One Canadian Economy Act, received Royal Assent.
Canada.ca emphasized that this legislation is key to building a stronger, more united Canada by supercharging productivity, economic growth, and competitiveness.
The C-5 implements the expansion of nation-building projects and removes federal barriers to internal trade and labour mobility (the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act). This means the acceptance of provincial or territorial regulations and meeting federal requirements for the movement of goods, services, and labour. It will allow more goods, services, workers, and businesses to move freely across provinces and territories.
These are some of the reasons why many Indigenous leaders and organizations are against Bill C-5, because it has the potential to infringe their rights and treaty obligations. They also say it prioritizes the country’s economic development over Indigenous rights and environmental protection.
Other critics say that Bill C-5 gives the government the power to decide what counts as a project in the “national interest.”
“With Bill C-5 today becoming law, we are removing trade barriers, expediting nation-building projects, and unleashing economic growth, in close cooperation with Indigenous Peoples. We will give ourselves more than any foreign nation can ever take away by building one Canadian economy – the strongest economy in the G7.” The Rt. Hon. Mark Carney, Prime Minister of Canada.
